The Research Frame (Towlson and Keddie, 2014) encourages reflection on what frames your research topic/question. It shows the angle of vision taken on a topic. Work from the centre frame (What?) to the outer frame (Where?). Text or an image could be included in the What? frame.

• What? Description/illustration of your topic
• Who? Groups or individuals related to the topic
• When? Historical context i.e. Edwardian, contemporary, Renaissance, 15th century
• Where? Geographic location/setting; cultural issues impacting on the What?

Towlson, K and Keddie, C. (2014) Making the text visual [PowerPoint presentation]. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/ciliparlg/making-the-textual-visual-by-kaye-towlson-and-carol-keddie-demontfort-university (Accessed: 12 November 2025).

Below is an outline of a research frame. Work from the centre of the frame.