{"id":6193,"date":"2020-04-24T11:31:33","date_gmt":"2020-04-24T10:31:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/?p=6193"},"modified":"2020-05-25T13:43:52","modified_gmt":"2020-05-25T12:43:52","slug":"4-reason-why-lockdown-reduction-in-travel-wont-stick-and-7-ways-to-encourage-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/2020\/04\/24\/4-reason-why-lockdown-reduction-in-travel-wont-stick-and-7-ways-to-encourage-it\/","title":{"rendered":"4 REASONS WHY THE LOCKDOWN REDUCTION IN TRAVEL WON\u2019T STICK \u2013 AND 7 WAYS TO ENCOURAGE IT TO DO SO"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-0 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Will our experience of reducing our travel during the Covid-19 crisis have a lasting impact on our travel behaviour?\u00a0 <strong>Dr Susan Kenyon <\/strong>considers the evidence, before suggesting 7 policy interventions that could support lasting change.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>It is important, in a time of crisis, to seek out the positives: to see\npossibility; to focus not on what we have lost, but on what we might\ngain.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For some, the possibility that we might see a permanent reduction in the\namount that we travel is one such positive.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, everything that we know about travel behaviour \u2013 why people\ntravel as they do and what causes travel behaviour to change \u2013 suggests that\nthis is unlikely.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this blog, I explain why I believe that we will see a swift bounce\nback to normal travel behaviour once the lockdown is lifted.&nbsp; Following a\nbrief period of greater-than-normal travel as we make up for lost time, within\nmonths, the activity patterns that cause us to travel will settle back into a\nbuilt environment that hasn\u2019t changed.&nbsp; Travel will once again become a\nsocial and cultural norm; habits will return; our biological and psychological\nimpetus for movement will be realised.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This said, there is the possibility that, with purposeful, targeted\nintervention by government and transport authorities, some reduction in travel\ncould be maintained.&nbsp; The lockdown has disrupted behaviour; it hasn\u2019t\nchanged it.&nbsp; I suggest some steps that could be taken, post-lockdown, which\ncould encourage a change to more sustainable travel behaviour, in the longer\nterm.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>If you are interested in these issues, why not check out our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canterbury.ac.uk\/study-here\/courses\/politics\">Politics programme<\/a>, where I teach \u2018Transport, Politics and Society\u2019?&nbsp;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Covid-19 has led to a rapid decline\nin travel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The lockdown that we are experiencing in the UK as a result of the fight\nagainst Covid-19 has led to a rapid decline in travel.&nbsp; Statistics showing\nthis decline in mobility take centre stage in daily UK government&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/latest?topical_events%5B%5D=coronavirus-covid-19-uk-government-response\">briefings<\/a>. &nbsp;Most of us are travelling\nless.&nbsp; Following the closure of workplaces, schools and universities, many\nof us, including myself and colleagues in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/2020\/04\/20\/greetings-from-the-politics-team\/\">Politics team<\/a>&nbsp;at CCCU, are\nworking and learning from home.&nbsp; We are shopping locally, or receiving\ndeliveries; and we have cancelled travel for business, leisure, social\nactivities and tourism.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This has offered a glimpse of a\npossible alternative world, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0191-2607(86)90096-8\">long\nhypothesised<\/a>, where physical travel to access work, learning,\nshops, services, social networks and other goods is no longer as\nnecessary.&nbsp; Working, learning, shopping, socialising from home seemed\nunreasonable a month ago, but today seems prudent, workable \u2013 even attractive.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There has been much excitement in the press that this change will last\nbeyond the immediate crisis.&nbsp; Encouraged by a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/science-environment-52137968\">report<\/a>&nbsp;from The AA,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/new-normal-according-bill-gates-when-arrives-daniel-roth\">comments<\/a>&nbsp;by Bill Gates and by a range of\nbusiness consultancies, commentators have suggested that, because a reduction\nin travel has now been&nbsp;<em>proven&nbsp;<\/em>to be possible, it is logical to\nexpect that we will continue to shun travel, post-lockdown.&nbsp; More than\nthis, a reduction in travel has proved to be&nbsp;<em>positive<\/em>: air\npollution has&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncas.ac.uk\/en\/currentnews\/18-news\/3057-air-pollution-falling-across-uk-cities-latest-data-shows\">decreased<\/a>, we gain time by not travelling,\nwhich we can invest in work, other activities, our families. &nbsp;When the\nlockdown ends, commentators suggest, individuals will rationally assess the\nproven and positive benefits of reducing their travel and choose to maintain\ntheir lockdown-induced reduction, as far as possible, in the post-lockdown\nworld.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately, this is rarely\nhow&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/us.macmillan.com\/books\/9780374533557\">decisions<\/a>, particularly&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1369-8478(02)00035-9\">travel\ndecisions<\/a>, are made.&nbsp; My research suggests that our travel behaviour is\ninformed by four key types of behavioural influences<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/?p=6181&amp;preview=true#_edn1\">[i]<\/a>.&nbsp; Much of the time, we are not\nable to control these influences and, because of this, we aren\u2019t able to choose\nour travel behaviour, or to choose to change it.&nbsp; Even when we are&nbsp;<em>able&nbsp;<\/em>to\nchoose to change our behaviour, much of the time, we aren\u2019t&nbsp;<em>willing&nbsp;<\/em>to\ndo so.&nbsp; In the following discussion, we will see that it is unlikely that\nthis will change, post-lockdown.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How travel decisions are made: are we\n<em>able <\/em>to change? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first key influence on our travel\nbehaviour is our&nbsp;<strong>Activities and Lifestyle<\/strong>.&nbsp; By and large, we\ntravel because we need to access activities<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/?p=6181&amp;preview=true#_edn2\">[ii]<\/a>.&nbsp; Whilst the technology to\nfacilitate virtual access to activities has been available for a long time, we\nhadn\u2019t seen large-scale substitution of travel in preference of virtual access until\nnow.&nbsp; In fact, government statistics and academic studies show that, on\naverage, we have continued to travel for the roughly same amount of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11116-016-9694-6\">time<\/a>, the same number\nof trips and longer&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/823068\/national-travel-survey-2018.pdf\">distances<\/a>, despite the possibility of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11116-018-9870-y\">virtual<\/a>&nbsp;mobility.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Why is this?&nbsp; It is possible that this is because we hadn\u2019t\nrecognised the benefits before now, or that the possibility of virtual mobility\nwasn\u2019t part of our collective consciousness.&nbsp; Perhaps we hadn\u2019t learnt how\nto use the tools, or the technology was not sufficiently advanced, to provide a\ngood experience.&nbsp; Perhaps we needed to be shaken out of the habit of\ntravelling, or to experience the positives.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If this is the case, the radical decline in travel that we have seen\nduring lockdown could be maintained.&nbsp; However, a more plausible\nexplanation is that having the&nbsp;<em>opportunity&nbsp;<\/em>to reduce our\ntravel isn\u2019t the same as being&nbsp;<em>able&nbsp;<\/em>to change; and that, as\nwell as being&nbsp;<em>able&nbsp;<\/em>to change our travel behaviour, we must\nalso be&nbsp;<em>willing&nbsp;<\/em>to do so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thinking firstly about being&nbsp;<em>able&nbsp;<\/em>to conduct our activities online.&nbsp; Four weeks into the lockdown, whilst reliable statistics are not yet available, anecdotal evidence is telling us that, as was the case before the lockdown, not everyone is able to access virtual mobility.&nbsp; Thinking about the activities that are most commonly mentioned as being possible without travel, people who are excluded from these activities online tend to be the same people who experience&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0966-6923(02)00012-1\">transport-related social exclusion<\/a>&nbsp;from these activities.&nbsp; For example,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/yougov.co.uk\/topics\/politics\/articles-reports\/2020\/04\/07\/who-are-britons-working-from-home\">40 per cent<\/a>&nbsp;of workers in the UK think they could be able to work from home, compared to 54 per cent who could not, with 9 million estimated to be&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business-52209790\">furloughed<\/a>, in large part because they cannot work from home.&nbsp; Those who are able are likely to be younger, male professionals, living and working in London and the South East.&nbsp; Ability to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/yougov.co.uk\/topics\/food\/articles-reports\/2020\/04\/17\/covid-19-brits-turn-corner-shops-essentials,\">shop<\/a>&nbsp;online is similarly&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-england-52215575\">privileged<\/a>.&nbsp; Not all&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/education-52151411\">school<\/a>&nbsp;children and only two thirds of University&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/education-52373828\">students<\/a>&nbsp;are able to learn online.&nbsp; Anecdotal evidence from our own students has highlighted lack of computers, broadband, a quiet space and time, due to caring responsibilities or paid work, as key&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/2020\/04\/17\/teaching-from-a-distance\/\">barriers to learning from home<\/a>.&nbsp; And whilst social media companies report rapid uptake of online social&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business-52210938\">networking<\/a>, not all of us are able to access this activity.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This leads us naturally to the second\nkey influence on our travel behaviour:&nbsp;<strong>Infrastructure and the Built\nEnvironment<\/strong>.&nbsp; We may have become more willing, as a result of our\nlockdown experiences, to become more virtually mobile, but not necessarily able\nbecause, in the UK, we don\u2019t currently have the infrastructure (encompassing\nbroadband, quality computing, appropriate space, skills, software) to enable a\nmove to virtual mobility, for all people, or activities.&nbsp; The possibility\nand positivity of virtual mobility during lockdown has been proven for some\npeople and some activities, but if we conflate this to all, we risk mirroring\nmobility-related exclusion and masking virtual-mobility-related\nexclusion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We live in a built environment in which physical mobility is both\nnecessary and expected to participate in activities.&nbsp; Economic, planning,\nsocial and transport policies have resulted in living environments and\nactivities that are dispersed across large, ever-increasing distances.\n&nbsp;When we emerge from the lockdown, this will not have changed \u2013 indeed,\nthere is a risk that dispersal will increase, if a reduction in physical\nmobility leads to greater sprawl. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Government actions could increase our ability to change <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Given these influences on our&nbsp;<em>ability<\/em>&nbsp;to maintain\nreduced travel, what will need to change to facilitate reduced travel, post-lockdown?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>All areas of policy \u2013 education, employment, health and social care, housing and neighbourhood renewal, poverty reduction, as well as planning and transport \u2013 are currently based upon an assumption of mobility.&nbsp; That <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business-52293055\">HS2 was approved<\/a> during \u2018peak virtual mobility\u2019 indicates that a fundamental shift in priorities for future travel is essential.&nbsp; Going forward, applying a mobility appraisal to policy could help to disrupt this mobility-centred approach to government.&nbsp;<\/li><li>There is a difference between accessing activities virtually by <em>necessity <\/em>and being virtually mobile by <em>design<\/em>.&nbsp; To encourage continued virtual access, government, employers and service providers (education, health) should address infrastructure in the sense of quality of activities, ensuring that the online activity provides a positive, quality experience, meeting similar needs to the offline experience.&nbsp;<\/li><li>To      prevent bounce-back to business as usual&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/temporary-urban-solutions-help-us-deal-with-crisis-and-can-lead-to-radical-shifts-in-city-space-135248\">development<\/a>, planners and transport planners must be encouraged to move from being facilitators to disruptors, challenging the assumption of mobility and adding virtual mobility into the conversation: perhaps new employment developments could require 20% working from home each day; perhaps new housing developments could include a telecottage.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Academic research has shown a real opportunity for the reduction of social exclusion through&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2009.04.014\">virtual      access<\/a>&nbsp;to activities.&nbsp; Embracing this      concept by introducing the infrastructure necessary, in all communities, should be a priority.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How travel decisions are made: are we\n<em>willing <\/em>to change?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our&nbsp;<em>ability&nbsp;<\/em>to maintain reduced mobility is not the\nonly barrier to permanent travel behaviour change, post-lockdown.&nbsp;\nOur&nbsp;<em>willingness&nbsp;<\/em>to change is likely to be an even greater\ninfluence.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our third group of behavioural\ninfluences,&nbsp;<strong>Biology and Psychology<\/strong>, influences our willingness to\nchange. &nbsp;From academic research conducted prior to the lockdown, we know\nthat willingness to change travel behaviour, to reduce, remode, reroute,\nretime, or shift to virtual activities, was low.&nbsp; Behavioural science has\nhelped us to understand why.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Travel behaviour (and change in the\nsame) is, to borrow a phrase, \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.harpercollins.co.uk\/9780007256532\/predictably-irrational\/\">predictably irrational<\/a>\u2019.&nbsp; Much of\nthe time we don\u2019t&nbsp;<em>choose<\/em>&nbsp;to behave as we do: it just happens\nautomatically, quickly and unconsciously, based on habits, biases, intuition,\nfear, emotion.&nbsp; We rarely compare the costs and benefits of different\nactions before deciding, on balance, how to behave.&nbsp; This is part of our\npsychology, but our biology may also important in determining our travel\nbehaviour: studies suggest that humans have an innate biological&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tra.2003.12.004\">need<\/a>&nbsp;for\nphysical&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0965-8564(00)00013-6\">movement<\/a>&nbsp;for well-being.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, it is unlikely that individuals will rationally assess the\nbenefits of reducing their travel during lockdown: this simply isn\u2019t how most\nof us make decisions.&nbsp; We have seen this in the swift return to normal\ntravel following both national\/international crises (the fuel protests in the\nearly 2000s; the 9\/11 terror attacks; the economic crisis in 2008\/9) and other\ntemporary adjustments to individuals or regions\u2019 travel behaviours (moving\nhouse, temporary receipt of a free bus pass, London 2012 Olympic Games).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The fourth and final key type of behavioural influences considers the\nrole of&nbsp;<strong>Society and Culture<\/strong>&nbsp;in our willingness to\nchange.&nbsp; We are all influenced to behave in certain ways by social or cultural\nnorms: the common set of ideas, values and beliefs that tell us how to behave\nif we are to fit in.&nbsp; Few of us are willing to consciously challenge\nthese, to behave differently to those around us.&nbsp; Part of being human is\nthat we cannot help but copy the behaviour of others, because we have evolved\nto show commitment to others by reciprocating their behaviours.&nbsp; We are\nalso heavily influenced by how others make us feel about ourselves and our\nactions.&nbsp; In the UK, our society and culture enforce expectations of\nmobility and, more specifically,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/politybooks.com\/bookdetail\/?isbn=9780745634180\">automobility<\/a>.&nbsp; This is&nbsp;reinforced\nby&nbsp;art,&nbsp;literature, music and film, as well as by policy and\nplanning.&nbsp; And it isn\u2019t just mobility cultures \u2013 thinking of education and\nemployment cultures, where presenteeism is valued as an indication of\nperformance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We have seen what can be achieved during an existential crisis.&nbsp;\nBut the temptation to fight the virus and bounce-back to normal will be strong,\nbecause of the importance of physical mobility in our social and cultural\nnorms.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Government actions could increase our\nwillingness to change<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Given these influences on our&nbsp;<em>willingness<\/em>&nbsp;to maintain\nreduced travel, what will need to change to facilitate reduced travel,\npost-lockdown?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It is essential to recognise that there is a difference between reducing our travel by necessity and doing so by choice.&nbsp; This mistake has been made before. &nbsp;We have not seen a rapid evolution of travel behaviour \u2013 we have seen a temporary disruption.&nbsp; Once the immediate crisis is over, it will be timely to encourage people to gradually evolve their behaviour. &nbsp;National and local governments, supported by transport authorities, could challenge social and cultural norms through <a href=\"http:\/\/www.harperbusiness.com\/book\/9780061241895\/influence-Robert-B.-Cialdini\/\">effective marketing<\/a>, helping to make it not only easier to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bi.team\/publications\/east-four-simple-ways-to-apply-behavioural-insights\/\">change behaviour<\/a>, as described above, but also attractive and part of a wider social norm.&nbsp; Enforcing these messages during partial lockdown, if this transpires, will be important.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Whilst it is true to say that our psychology can prevent behaviour change, the experience of change could be effective in reducing our innate fear of negative consequences of change, our over-calculation of the risk of change.&nbsp; Our inherent belief that future events will mirror past events could be positively employed, through positive campaigning.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Throughout the crisis, coverage of public transport has been negative, with a focus on the potential of travel by public transport to spread the virus. It will be important to counteract this, to ensure that public transport use does not fall, in favour of the car, once the crisis is over.&nbsp;      &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To conclude, there is an opportunity to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/coronavirus-is-a-once-in-a-lifetime-chance-to-reshape-how-we-travel-134764\">reshape<\/a>&nbsp;how we travel, once the immediate crisis is over.&nbsp; However, change will not arrive unprompted.&nbsp; Governments and other actors, across all policy areas, will need to act, in the ways described above, to encourage travel behaviour change to embed and evolve, from necessity, to positive choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canterbury.ac.uk\/social-and-applied-sciences\/susan-kenyon.aspx\">Dr Susan Kenyon<\/a>&nbsp;is a Faculty Director of Learning and Teaching and Principal Lecturer in Transport, Politics and Society. She has studied transport and travel behaviour since 1998 and has published extensively in the area. Her module Transport, Politics and Society is open to second year students studying&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/2020\/01\/24\/semester-1-in-review\/\">Politics and International Relations<\/a>. The module considers the challenges of social exclusion and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/2020\/02\/20\/global-goals-week-sdgteachin\/\">sustainable development<\/a>&nbsp;in transport planning and has been carefully designed to integrate work related learning opportunities for students.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[i] Kenyon, S. and Macbeth, I.&nbsp; 2015.&nbsp; A review of behaviour change strategies at Transport for London.&nbsp; Proc. Transport Practitioners\u2018 Meeting.&nbsp; London, UK.&nbsp; 1-2 July, 2015.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[ii] Jones, P.M, Dix, M.C., Clarke, M.I. and Heggie, I.G. 1983.&nbsp; Understanding travel behaviour.&nbsp; Aldershot: Gower.&nbsp;  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Will our experience of reducing our travel during the Covid-19 crisis have a lasting impact on our travel behaviour?  Dr Susan Kenyon considers the evidence, before suggesting 7 policy interventions that could support lasting change<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4437,"featured_media":6254,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,25],"tags":[2405,2393,2410,2417,2413,2406],"class_list":["post-6193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commentary","category-research","tag-coronavirus","tag-covid-19","tag-decision-making","tag-social-exclusion","tag-teleworking","tag-transport"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"authorName":"Laura Cashman","featuredImage":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/645\/2020\/04\/thumbnail_image-canary-wharf-blog.jpg","postExcerpt":"Will our experience of reducing our travel during the Covid-19 crisis have a lasting impact on our travel behaviour?  Dr Susan Kenyon considers the evidence, before suggesting 7 policy interventions that could support lasting change","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4437"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6193"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6497,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6193\/revisions\/6497"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.canterbury.ac.uk\/politics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}